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149<META
150 name="dc.creator"
151 content="Thomas" >
152<META
153 name="dc.title"
154 content="main.book" >
155<META
156 name="dc.date"
157 content="2007-03-12T15:32:20Z" >
158<META
159 name="dc.date.modified"
160 content="2007-03-12T15:32:20Z" >
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164</HEAD>
165<BODY bgcolor=white text=black link=blue vlink=purple alink=fushia >
166<HR>
167<UL>
168<LI>
169<A href="#LinkTarget_3105">Amendment Record</A>
170</LI>
171<LI>
172<A href="#LinkTarget_3174">Acknowledgements</A>
173</LI>
174<LI>
175<A href="#LinkTarget_3193">1 Introduction</A>
176<UL>
177<LI>
178<A href="#LinkTarget_3195">1.1 Purpose</A>
179</LI>
180<LI>
181<A href="#LinkTarget_3199">1.2 Overview</A>
182</LI>
183</UL>
184</LI>
185<LI>
186<A href="#LinkTarget_3216">2 The openEHR Modelling Environment</A>
187</LI>
188<LI>
189<A href="#LinkTarget_3260">3 Formalisms</A>
190<UL>
191<LI>
192<A href="#LinkTarget_3262">3.1 UML</A>
193<UL>
194<LI>
195<A href="#LinkTarget_3279">3.1.1 Package</A>
196</LI>
197<LI>
198<A href="#LinkTarget_3283">3.1.2 Class</A>
199</LI>
200<LI>
201<A href="#LinkTarget_3286">3.1.3 Inheritance</A>
202</LI>
203<LI>
204<A href="#LinkTarget_3302">3.1.4 Association</A>
205</LI>
206</UL>
207</LI>
208<LI>
209<A href="#LinkTarget_3327">3.2 Other Alternatives</A>
210</LI>
211</UL>
212</LI>
213<LI>
214<A href="#LinkTarget_3348">4 Modelling Guide</A>
215<UL>
216<LI>
217<A href="#LinkTarget_3350">4.1 General Principles</A>
218</LI>
219<LI>
220<A href="#LinkTarget_3353">4.2 Naming</A>
221</LI>
222<LI>
223<A href="#LinkTarget_3376">4.3 Operators</A>
224</LI>
225<LI>
226<A href="#LinkTarget_3413">4.4 Types</A>
227<UL>
228<LI>
229<A href="#LinkTarget_3432">4.4.1 Data Value Types</A>
230</LI>
231<LI>
232<A href="#LinkTarget_3451">4.4.2 Attribute Types</A>
233</LI>
234<LI>
235<A href="#LinkTarget_3455">4.4.3 Existence and Cardinality</A>
236</LI>
237</UL>
238</LI>
239<LI>
240<A href="#LinkTarget_3462">4.5 Inheritance</A>
241</LI>
242<LI>
243<A href="#LinkTarget_3469">4.6 Relationships</A>
244<UL>
245<LI>
246<A href="#LinkTarget_3472">4.6.1 Composition</A>
247</LI>
248<LI>
249<A href="#LinkTarget_3502">4.6.2 Aggregation</A>
250</LI>
251<LI>
252<A href="#LinkTarget_3549">4.6.3 Association</A>
253</LI>
254<LI>
255<A href="#LinkTarget_3552">4.6.4 Qualified Association</A>
256</LI>
257</UL>
258</LI>
259<LI>
260<A href="#LinkTarget_3580">4.7 Functions</A>
261</LI>
262<LI>
263<A href="#LinkTarget_3584">4.8 Anchored Types</A>
264</LI>
265<LI>
266<A href="#LinkTarget_3600">4.9 Constraints and Contracts</A>
267<UL>
268<LI>
269<A href="#LinkTarget_3634">4.9.1 Pre-conditions</A>
270</LI>
271<LI>
272<A href="#LinkTarget_3637">4.9.2 Post-conditions</A>
273</LI>
274<LI>
275<A href="#LinkTarget_3640">4.9.3 Invariants</A>
276</LI>
277</UL>
278</LI>
279<LI>
280<A href="#LinkTarget_3645">4.10 Special Types</A>
281</LI>
282<LI>
283<A href="#LinkTarget_3648">4.11 Special Instances</A>
284</LI>
285</UL>
286</LI>
287<LI>
288<A href="#LinkTarget_3677">5 Class Descriptions</A>
289</LI>
290<LI>
291<A href="#LinkTarget_3811">A References</A>
292</LI>
293</UL>
294</HR>
295<IMG width=144 height=127 style="display:block; float:none" src="images/modelling_guide_img_0.png">
296<SPAN>
297<IMG width=499 height=740 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:right" src="images/modelling_guide_img_1.png">
298</SPAN>
299<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:15px">
300<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
301>The </SPAN
302><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
303>open</SPAN
304><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
305>EHR Foundation is an independent, non-profit community, facilitating the sharing of health records by consumers and clinicians via open-source, standards-based implementations. </SPAN
306></P>
307<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; margin-right:155px; line-height:15px">
308<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
309>Founding </SPAN
310><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
311>David Ingram, Professor of Health Informatics, </SPAN
312><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
313>Chairman </SPAN
314><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
315>CHIME, University College London </SPAN
316></P>
317<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; margin-right:98px; line-height:15px">
318<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
319>Founding </SPAN
320><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
321>Dr P Schloeffel, Dr S Heard, Dr D Kalra, D Lloyd, T Beale </SPAN
322><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
323>Members </SPAN
324></P>
325<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
326<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
327>email</SPAN
328><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
329>: info@openEHR.org </SPAN
330><A href="http://www.openEHR.org">
331<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#0000FF"
332>web</SPAN
333><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
334>: http://www.openEHR.org </SPAN
335></A>
336</P>
337<P style="text-align:; margin-bottom:116px; margin-left:482px">
338<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
339<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
340>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
341></A>
342</P>
343<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px">
344<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
345>Rev </SPAN
346><A href="#LinkTarget_3118">
347<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
348>1.3.2 </SPAN
349></A>
350</P>
351<P ID="LinkTarget_3105" style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px">
352<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
353>Amendment Record </SPAN
354></P>
355<TABLE>
356<TR>
357<TH style="width:105px; height:33px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
358<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
359>Issue </SPAN
360></TH>
361<TH style="text-align:left; width:354px; height:33px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
362<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
363>Details </SPAN
364></TH>
365<TH style="width:85px; height:33px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
366<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
367>Who </SPAN
368></TH>
369<TH style="text-align:left; width:104px; height:33px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
370<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
371>Completed </SPAN
372></TH>
373</TR>
374<TR>
375<TD style="text-align:center; width:105px; height:25px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px"/>
376<TD style="width:354px; height:25px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px">
377<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#FFFFFF"
378>R E L E A S E 1.0.1 </SPAN
379></TD>
380<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:25px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px"/>
381<TD style="width:104px; height:25px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px"/>
382</TR>
383<TR>
384<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
385<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
386>1.3.2 </SPAN
387></TD>
388<TD style="width:354px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
389<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
390>Minor modifications and updates to tooling description. </SPAN
391></TD>
392<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
393<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
394>T Beale </SPAN
395></TD>
396<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
397<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
398>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
399></TD>
400</TR>
401<TR>
402<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
403<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
404>1.3.1 </SPAN
405></TD>
406<TD style="width:354px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
407<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
408>Added inheritance diagram section. </SPAN
409></TD>
410<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
411<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
412>T Beale </SPAN
413></TD>
414<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
415<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
416>08 Mar 2006 </SPAN
417></TD>
418</TR>
419<TR>
420<TD style="text-align:center; width:105px; height:27px; background-color:#9304FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
421<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:27px; background-color:#9304FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
422<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#FFFFFF"
423>R E L E A S E 1.0 </SPAN
424></TD>
425<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:27px; background-color:#9304FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
426<TD style="width:104px; height:27px; background-color:#9304FF; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
427</TR>
428<TR>
429<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
430<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
431>1.3 </SPAN
432></TD>
433<TD style="width:354px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
434<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
435>Added class colour scheme. </SPAN
436></TD>
437<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
438<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
439>T Beale </SPAN
440></TD>
441<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
442<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
443>24 Dec 2005 </SPAN
444></TD>
445</TR>
446<TR>
447<TD style="text-align:center; width:105px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
448<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
449<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#FFFFFF"
450>R E L E A S E 0.95 </SPAN
451></TD>
452<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
453<TD style="width:104px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
454</TR>
455<TR>
456<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
457<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
458>1.2.1 </SPAN
459></TD>
460<TD style="width:354px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
461<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
462>Added section on functions and anchored types. </SPAN
463></TD>
464<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
465<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
466>T Beale </SPAN
467></TD>
468<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
469<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
470>24 Feb 2005 </SPAN
471></TD>
472</TR>
473<TR>
474<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
475<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
476>1.2 </SPAN
477></TD>
478<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
479<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
480>Added section on tooling. </SPAN
481></TD>
482<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:85px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
483<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
484>T Beale </SPAN
485></TD>
486<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
487<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
488>14 Feb 2005 </SPAN
489></TD>
490</TR>
491<TR>
492<TD style="text-align:center; width:105px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
493<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
494<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#FFFFFF"
495>R E L E A S E 0.9 </SPAN
496></TD>
497<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid none solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
498<TD style="width:104px; height:27px; background-color:#0000FF; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
499</TR>
500<TR>
501<TD style="text-align:center; width:105px; height:107px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
502<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
503>1.1.1 </SPAN
504></TD>
505<TD style="width:354px; height:107px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
506<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
507>CR-000041</SPAN
508><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
509>. Visually differentiate primitive types in openEHR documents. </SPAN
510><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
511>CR-000013</SPAN
512><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
513>. Rename key classes, according to CEN ENV 13606. Add explanation of qualified associations, existence, cardinal</SPAN
514><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
515></SPAN
516><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
517>ity. </SPAN
518></TD>
519<TD style="text-align:center; width:85px; height:107px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
520<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
521>D Lloyd, D Kalra, T Beale </SPAN
522></TD>
523<TD style="width:104px; height:107px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
524<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
525>04 Oct 2003 </SPAN
526></TD>
527</TR>
528<TR>
529<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
530<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
531>1.1 </SPAN
532></TD>
533<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
534<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
535>Kestral Australia review. </SPAN
536></TD>
537<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:85px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
538<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
539>G Grieve </SPAN
540></TD>
541<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:29px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
542<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
543>08 Mar 2003 </SPAN
544></TD>
545</TR>
546<TR>
547<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:105px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
548<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
549>1.0 </SPAN
550></TD>
551<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:354px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
552<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
553>Adapted from openEHR EHR Reference Model document </SPAN
554></TD>
555<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:85px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
556<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
557>T Beale </SPAN
558></TD>
559<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:104px; height:30px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
560<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
561>10 May 2002 </SPAN
562></TD>
563</TR>
564</TABLE>
565<DIV class="Part"
566><H4 ID="LinkTarget_3174">
567<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
568>Acknowledgements </SPAN
569></H4>
570<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:342px; line-height:19px">
571<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
572>The work reported in this paper has been funded in part by the Cooperative Research Centres Pro</SPAN
573><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
574></SPAN
575><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
576>gram through the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet of the Commonwealth Government of Australia, by Ocean Informatics, Australia, and by the CHIME department, University College London. </SPAN
577></P>
578<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
579<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
580<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
581>Date of Issue:</SPAN
582><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
583>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
584></A>
585<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
586<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
587>Page 2 of 19 </SPAN
588></A>
589<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
590>Author: </SPAN
591><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
592<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
593>T Beale </SPAN
594></A>
595</P>
596<DIV class="Sect">
597<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
598<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
599<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
600>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
601><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
602>n
603</SPAN
604></A>
605<A href="#LinkTarget_3099">
606<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
607>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
608><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
609>g
610</SPAN
611></A>
612</P>
613</DIV>
614<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
615<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
616<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
617>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
618></A>
619<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
620>Introduction Rev </SPAN
621><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
622<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
623>1.3.2 </SPAN
624></A>
625</P>
626</DIV>
627<DIV class="Part"
628><H2 ID="LinkTarget_3193">
629<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
630>Introduction </SPAN
631></H2>
632<DIV class="Sect">
633<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3195">
634<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
635>1.1 </SPAN
636><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
637>Purpose </SPAN
638></H3>
639<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
640<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
641>This document describes modelling method and tools of </SPAN
642><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
643>open</SPAN
644><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
645>EHR. It explains the usage of UML, how to read the </SPAN
646><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
647>open</SPAN
648><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
649>EHR specifications. The intended audience includes: </SPAN
650></P>
651<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; margin-left:36px">
652<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:6.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
653></SPAN
654><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
655>Software development organisations using </SPAN
656><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
657>open</SPAN
658><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
659>EHR. </SPAN
660></P>
661</DIV>
662<DIV class="Sect">
663<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3199">
664<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
665>1.2 </SPAN
666><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
667>Overview </SPAN
668></H3>
669<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
670<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
671>The </SPAN
672><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
673>open</SPAN
674><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
675>EHR Foundation provides specifications of health information systems and interoperability mechanisms in the form of formal, object-oriented models. These models are expressed in the OMG Unified Modelling Language (UML), along with detailed tabular descriptions. A formal textual expression is used to verify all models, ensuring that </SPAN
676><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
677>open</SPAN
678><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
679>EHR specifications are more than just paper. At the coarsest scale, the models are designed according to the ISO reference model for open distributed processing (RM/ODP). The </SPAN
680><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
681>open</SPAN
682><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
683>EHR models are divided into the Reference Model (RM), containing the information viewpoint, the Service Model (SM), containing the computational viewpoint, and the Archetype Model (AM), containing the formalisms for domain models, known as archetypes. </SPAN
684></P>
685<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:509px; line-height:19px">
686<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
687>The models are a suitable starting point for system and interoperability software. Expressions in vari</SPAN
688><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
689></SPAN
690><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
691>ous implementation technologies are supplied by </SPAN
692><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
693>open</SPAN
694><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
695>EHR, known as Implementation Technology Specifications (ITSs). These are generated from the formal textual primary expression of the models. </SPAN
696></P>
697<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
698<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
699>Author: </SPAN
700><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
701<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
702>T Beale </SPAN
703></A>
704<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
705<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
706>Page 3 of 19 </SPAN
707></A>
708<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
709<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
710>Date of Issue:</SPAN
711><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
712>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
713></A>
714</P>
715<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
716<SPAN>
717<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
718>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
719><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
720>n
721</SPAN
722></SPAN>
723<SPAN>
724<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
725>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
726><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
727>g
728</SPAN
729></SPAN>
730</P>
731<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
732<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
733>The openEHR Modelling Environment </SPAN
734><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
735<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
736>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
737></A>
738<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
739>Rev </SPAN
740><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
741<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
742>1.3.2 </SPAN
743></A>
744</P>
745</DIV>
746</DIV>
747<DIV class="Part"
748><H2 ID="LinkTarget_3216" style="margin-bottom:15px">
749<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
750>The </SPAN
751><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
752>open</SPAN
753><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
754>EHR Modelling Environment </SPAN
755></H2>
756<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:19px">
757<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
758>Since the primary users of the formal specifications in health information standards are software developers and information systems builders, it is crucial that the models presented are comprehensi</SPAN
759><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
760></SPAN
761><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
762>ble and implementable by technical people. To ensure comprehensibility, the OMG standard UML </SPAN
763></P>
764<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
765<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
766>2.0</SPAN
767><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
768> diagramming language has been used for graphical models. Detailed formal specifications of all classes are given, including class invariants and function pre- and post-conditions. </SPAN
769></P>
770<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
771<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
772>In order to ensure implementability, a tool-based environment is used for representation and manipu</SPAN
773><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
774></SPAN
775><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
776>lation of the models. The general approach is to have a single, authoratative “source” for any given artifact, and to use purpose-built converters to generate usable “views” of the source. The main way this is applied is that the core information and service model specifications (IMs and SMs) of the Ref</SPAN
777><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
778></SPAN
779><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
780>erence Model are fully defined in an object-oriented formalism, with implementation technology specifications (ITSs) being generated as views. For example, the XML-schema, Java interface classes, C# interface classes, and other computable views for the EHR can be generated from the pri</SPAN
781><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
782></SPAN
783><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
784>mary EHR model, which is expressed in formal textual UML 2.0-compliant semantics. </SPAN
785></P>
786<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:45px">
787<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
788>Model verification environment UM</SPAN
789><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
790>L Tool Environment </SPAN
791></P>
792<IMG width=577 height=273 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:0px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_2.png">
793<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; margin-left:63px">
794<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
795>Publishing environment </SPAN
796></P>
797<P style="margin-bottom:20px">
798<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
799>FIGURE 1 </SPAN
800><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
801>open</SPAN
802><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
803>EHR modelling environment </SPAN
804></P>
805<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:43px; line-height:19px">
806<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
807>The primary expression of all object-oriented </SPAN
808><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
809>open</SPAN
810><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
811>EHR models is currently the ECMA-standardised </SPAN
812><A href="http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC39-TG4.htm">
813<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
814>Eiffel language (</SPAN
815><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
816>ECMA Eiffel page</SPAN
817></A>
818<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
819>), as this the only textual formalism that closely approximates UML 2.0, and has tools available for it (GPL version available, see </SPAN
820><A href="http://www.eiffel.com">
821<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
822>http://www.eiffel.com</SPAN
823><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
824>). The </SPAN
825></A>
826<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
827>use of the Eiffel tools permit the core models to include all possible object-oriented semantics, includ</SPAN
828><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
829></SPAN
830><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
831>ing classes, attributes, functions, procedures, pre- and post-conditions, class invariants, multiple inheritance, genericity (“template” classes), agents (“delegates”), within a fully object-oriented type system (i.e. even basic types such as integer are instances of classes). Invariants are probably the sin</SPAN
832><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
833></SPAN
834><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
835>gle most important element of class specifications in any object model, since they indicate to the developer the valid instance structures in a system (for example, if a list attribute must be present, and if it is, whether the list can be empty and so on). All of these semantics can be validated, ensuring that the published specifications are much more than “just paper”, as is unfortunately common with many well-known published standards. </SPAN
836></P>
837<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
838<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
839<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
840>Date of Issue:</SPAN
841><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
842>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
843></A>
844<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
845<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
846>Page 4 of 19 </SPAN
847></A>
848<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
849>Author: </SPAN
850><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
851<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
852>T Beale </SPAN
853></A>
854</P>
855<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
856<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
857<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
858>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
859><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
860>n
861</SPAN
862></A>
863<SPAN>
864<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
865>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
866><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
867>g
868</SPAN
869></SPAN>
870</P>
871<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
872<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
873<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
874>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
875></A>
876<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
877>The openEHR Modelling Environment Rev </SPAN
878><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
879<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
880>1.3.2 </SPAN
881></A>
882</P>
883<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
884<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
885>The primary models are used as the source for the published documentary form of the specifications, generally in Adobe PDF format. There is not considered to be any semantic difference between tool-based abstract model expressions and their documentary counterparts, i.e. there is no “mapping” or “conversion”. </SPAN
886></P>
887<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:747px; line-height:19px">
888<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
889>The primary models are also losslessly translated to a UML-2.0 compliant XML instance form, from which all other views are generated. In theory, this intermediate form should be OMG XMI, but for various practical reasons it is not: not only are XMI documents massive and impossible for humans to read, but they do not correctly include pre- and post-conditions or invariants. However, the choice of the intermediate format may change in the future - the only requirements are that it be lossless with respect to the primary specifications, and that it be acceptable and processable by its users. </SPAN
890></P>
891<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
892<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
893>Author: </SPAN
894><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
895<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
896>T Beale </SPAN
897></A>
898<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
899<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
900>Page 5 of 19 </SPAN
901></A>
902<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
903<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
904>Date of Issue:</SPAN
905><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
906>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
907></A>
908</P>
909<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
910<SPAN>
911<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
912>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
913><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
914>n
915</SPAN
916></SPAN>
917<SPAN>
918<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
919>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
920><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
921>g
922</SPAN
923></SPAN>
924</P>
925<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
926<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
927>Formalisms </SPAN
928><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
929<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
930>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
931></A>
932<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
933>Rev </SPAN
934><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
935<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
936>1.3.2 </SPAN
937></A>
938</P>
939</DIV>
940<DIV class="Part"
941><H2 ID="LinkTarget_3260">
942<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
943>Formalisms </SPAN
944></H2>
945<DIV class="Sect">
946<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3262">
947<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
948>3.1 </SPAN
949><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
950>UML </SPAN
951></H3>
952<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
953<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
954>The </SPAN
955><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
956>open</SPAN
957><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
958>EHR models are shown in UML (Unified Modelling Language) </SPAN
959><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
960<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
961>[5] and have been formally </SPAN
962></A>
963<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
964>validated using the Eiffel language, which (strangely) is still one of the only reliable tools for specify</SPAN
965><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
966></SPAN
967><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
968>ing and fully validating object-oriented models. UML is an industry-standard modelling language, which has been formally defined by the OMG. The </SPAN
969><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
970>open</SPAN
971><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
972>EHR models make heavy use of two power</SPAN
973><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
974></SPAN
975><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
976>ful UML semantics, namely: </SPAN
977></P>
978<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
979<LI>
980<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
981>Generic classes (‘template classes’ in C++) </SPAN
982></LI>
983<LI style="margin-bottom:0px">
984<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
985>Contracts, i.e. pre-conditions, post-conditions, invariants (defined in the OMG Object Con</SPAN
986><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
987></SPAN
988></LI>
989</ul>
990<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:15px; text-indent:60px; line-height:20px">
991<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
992>straint Language, OCL) </SPAN
993><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
994<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
995>The notation used in this document follows the UML version 2.0 (see [5]). The following sections </SPAN
996></A>
997<A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
998<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
999>describe the major semantic constructs in the class diagrams in this document. Refer to Meyer [8] for </SPAN
1000></A>
1001<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1002>a definitive guide to object-oriented semantics. </SPAN
1003></P>
1004<DIV class="Sect">
1005<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3279" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1006<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1007>3.1.1 </SPAN
1008><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1009>Package </SPAN
1010></H3>
1011<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
1012<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1013>A collection of related classes, typically corresponding to one or more business objects, and grouped for convenient management of development. Packages may be nested hierarchically. Indicated graph</SPAN
1014><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1015></SPAN
1016><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1017>ically by a named blue rectangle containing classes. </SPAN
1018></P>
1019</DIV>
1020<DIV class="Sect">
1021<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3283" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1022<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1023>3.1.2 </SPAN
1024><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1025>Class </SPAN
1026></H3>
1027<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
1028<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1029>The primary construct in object-oriented modelling and software development. A class defines objects in terms of </SPAN
1030><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1031>behaviour</SPAN
1032><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1033> and </SPAN
1034><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1035>state</SPAN
1036><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1037>, or in more technical terms, routines and attributes. The class definition is the template for creating </SPAN
1038><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1039>objects</SPAN
1040><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1041> at runtime, which are </SPAN
1042><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1043>instances</SPAN
1044><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1045> of the class. </SPAN
1046></P>
1047</DIV>
1048<DIV class="Sect">
1049<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3286" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1050<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1051>3.1.3 </SPAN
1052><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1053>Inheritance </SPAN
1054></H3>
1055<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1056<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1057>Inheritance is a relationship between classes in which the definition of the descendant (inheriting class) is based on the ancestor. The descendant may change the ancestor’s definition in certain ways, according to the rules of the formalism. Inheritance is not normally visible at runtime as a relationship between objects. A number of meanings can be assigned to inheritance relationships, including: </SPAN
1058></P>
1059<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
1060<LI style="margin-left:60px">
1061<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1062>Specialisation/generalisation </SPAN
1063></LI>
1064<LI style="margin-left:60px">
1065<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1066>Implementation re-use </SPAN
1067></LI>
1068<LI style="margin-left:60px">
1069<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1070>Facility inheritance (mixin classes) </SPAN
1071></LI>
1072<LI style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:60px">
1073<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1074>Taxonomic classification </SPAN
1075></LI>
1076</ul>
1077</DIV>
1078<DIV class="Sect">
1079<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3302" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1080<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1081>3.1.4 </SPAN
1082><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1083>Association </SPAN
1084></H3>
1085<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1086<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1087>Association is a relationship between classes which describes a runtime relationship between objects. Its cardinality may be single (1:1) or multiple (1:N). </SPAN
1088></P>
1089<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:78px; line-height:19px">
1090<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1091>A particular kind of association between classes indicates the logical part-of relationship. There are two recognised variants of this, namely composition, or containment-by-value, and aggregation meaning a logical part-of relationship. The use of these different types of association in the model is detailed below. </SPAN
1092></P>
1093<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
1094<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
1095<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1096>Date of Issue:</SPAN
1097><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1098>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
1099></A>
1100<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
1101<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1102>Page 6 of 19 </SPAN
1103></A>
1104<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1105>Author: </SPAN
1106><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1107<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1108>T Beale </SPAN
1109></A>
1110</P>
1111<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
1112<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1113<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1114>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
1115><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1116>n
1117</SPAN
1118></A>
1119<SPAN>
1120<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1121>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
1122><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1123>g
1124</SPAN
1125></SPAN>
1126</P>
1127<TABLE style="margin-bottom:10px">
1128<TR>
1129<TH colspan=2 style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:382px; height:14px">
1130<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1131<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1132>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
1133></A>
1134</TH>
1135<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:267px; height:14px">
1136<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1137>Formalisms </SPAN
1138></TH>
1139</TR>
1140<TR>
1141<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:51px; height:22px"/>
1142<TD style="width:330px; height:22px"/>
1143<TD style="text-align:right; width:267px; height:22px">
1144<A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
1145<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1146>Rev 1.3.2 </SPAN
1147></A>
1148</TD>
1149</TR>
1150<TR>
1151<TH ID="LinkTarget_3327" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; width:51px; height:28px">
1152<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1153>3.2 </SPAN
1154></TH>
1155<TD style="vertical-align:bottom; width:330px; height:28px">
1156<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1157>Other Alternatives </SPAN
1158></TD>
1159<TD style="text-align:right; width:267px; height:28px"/>
1160</TR>
1161</TABLE>
1162<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px; line-height:19px">
1163<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1164>Numerous alternatives were considered both in the original GEHR project, and for </SPAN
1165><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1166>open</SPAN
1167><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1168>EHR, includ</SPAN
1169><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1170></SPAN
1171><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1172>ing the following: </SPAN
1173></P>
1174<P style="text-align:; margin-bottom:5px; margin-right:73px; margin-left:36px; text-indent:-23px; line-height:21px">
1175<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1176>OMG IDL</SPAN
1177><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1178>: the OMG’s IDL language lacks assertions and generic types, and its type model is inconsistent (basic “types” are not the same as constructed types, due to the influence of C); </SPAN
1179><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1180>Rumbaugh/Booch/etc notations</SPAN
1181><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1182>: none of these notations are formal, and all lack assertions. In any case, they have been superseded by UML; </SPAN
1183><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1184>SGML/XML</SPAN
1185><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1186>: SGML is overly complex, and very document-oriented. </SPAN
1187></P>
1188<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-23px; line-height:19px">
1189<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1190>XML-schema: not well adapted to information modelling (cf information representation) because it is purely data-oriented, and missing a number of important semantics, namely assertions, generic types and multiple inheritance. </SPAN
1191></P>
1192<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:659px; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-23px; line-height:19px">
1193<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1194>Z, Object Z, B</SPAN
1195><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1196>: these are worthy of future consideration. Their use now is prevented mainly by a lack of industrial strength tools. </SPAN
1197></P>
1198<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
1199<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1200>Author: </SPAN
1201><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1202<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1203>T Beale </SPAN
1204></A>
1205<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
1206<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1207>Page 7 of 19 </SPAN
1208></A>
1209<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
1210<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1211>Date of Issue:</SPAN
1212><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1213>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
1214></A>
1215</P>
1216<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
1217<SPAN>
1218<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1219>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
1220><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1221>n
1222</SPAN
1223></SPAN>
1224<SPAN>
1225<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1226>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
1227><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1228>g
1229</SPAN
1230></SPAN>
1231</P>
1232<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
1233<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1234>Modelling Guide </SPAN
1235><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1236<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1237>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
1238></A>
1239<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1240>Rev </SPAN
1241><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
1242<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1243>1.3.2 </SPAN
1244></A>
1245</P>
1246</DIV>
1247</DIV>
1248</DIV>
1249<DIV class="Part"
1250><H2 ID="LinkTarget_3348">
1251<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1252>Modelling Guide </SPAN
1253></H2>
1254<DIV class="Sect">
1255<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3350">
1256<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1257>4.1 </SPAN
1258><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1259>General Principles </SPAN
1260></H3>
1261<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
1262<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1263>One crucial point to understand about modelling is that the semantics of all definitions in a model constitute statements about the informational (or behavioural) entities defined by the relevant classes, and no more. Many modellers make the mistake of entering into torturous discussions about the semantics of real world objects based on the arrangement of classes or relationships in a model, when in fact the argument should be the other way around - any model is a formalisation and abstraction, potentially of real world entities, and its meaning does not extend beyond itself. Thus, any concept in a model, such as defined by the type </SPAN
1264><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1265>QUANTITY</SPAN
1266><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1267> should not be understood as being a description of quantities in the real world, but a formal, abstract model of a concept called “quantity” as agreed by the modellers. </SPAN
1268></P>
1269</DIV>
1270<DIV class="Sect">
1271<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3353">
1272<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1273>4.2 </SPAN
1274><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1275>Naming </SPAN
1276></H3>
1277<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1278<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1279>Class names are in upper case, with underscore separators, enabling them to be easily identified and read. In almost all cases, the full english word has been used. Class feature names (i.e. attribute and method names) are in lower case, underscore separated. </SPAN
1280></P>
1281<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1282<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1283>This style choice may surprise some developers, and has been done in purpose for a number of rea</SPAN
1284><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1285></SPAN
1286><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1287>sons: </SPAN
1288></P>
1289<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
1290<LI style="margin-left:60px">
1291<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1292>for better readability; </SPAN
1293></LI>
1294<LI style="margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
1295<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1296>to make it clear that the specification is an abstract one, and to prevent confusion with pro</SPAN
1297><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1298></SPAN
1299><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1300>gramming languages ITSs; </SPAN
1301></LI>
1302<LI style="margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
1303<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1304>to allow the use of mixed case class names for the assumed types of UML, such as </SPAN
1305><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1306>String</SPAN
1307><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1308>, </SPAN
1309><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1310>Integer</SPAN
1311><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1312>, </SPAN
1313><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1314>List&lt;T&gt;</SPAN
1315><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1316> and so on; these contrast with classes defined by </SPAN
1317><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1318>open</SPAN
1319><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1320>EHR, such as </SPAN
1321><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1322>SECTION</SPAN
1323><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1324> and </SPAN
1325><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1326>ENTRY</SPAN
1327><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1328>, making it very clear what </SPAN
1329><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1330>open</SPAN
1331><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1332>EHR has defined versus what it has assumed. </SPAN
1333></LI>
1334</ul>
1335<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1336<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1337>The names used in the abstract specifications are transformed by tools into the preferred idiom of each target formalism; the rules for doing so are described in each ITS. </SPAN
1338></P>
1339<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
1340<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1341>All names have been chosen with implementors and other people in mind who will deal with techni</SPAN
1342><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1343></SPAN
1344><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1345>cal modelling, rather than users. In almost all cases, users will never see the names used in the refer</SPAN
1346><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1347></SPAN
1348><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1349>ence or archetype models. The exception is archetype editor tools which would normally show the class names of instances of the archetype model which are being created; it is assumed that users of this tool will have a basic technical understanding of the reference and archetype models. </SPAN
1350></P>
1351</DIV>
1352<DIV class="Sect">
1353<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3376">
1354<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1355>4.3 </SPAN
1356><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1357>Operators </SPAN
1358></H3>
1359<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1360<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1361>Three classes of operator are used: </SPAN
1362></P>
1363<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
1364<LI style="margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
1365<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1366>infix operators, i.e. any binary operator which appears between the operands, e.g. “+” in the expression “X + Y” </SPAN
1367></LI>
1368<LI style="margin-left:60px">
1369<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1370>prefix operators, i.e. any unary operator appearing before the operand, e.g. “-” in “-5” </SPAN
1371></LI>
1372<LI style="margin-bottom:61px; margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
1373<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1374>postfix operators, i.e. any unary operatory appearing after the operand, e.g. “!” in “x!” (fac</SPAN
1375><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1376></SPAN
1377><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1378>torial). </SPAN
1379></LI>
1380</ul>
1381<P style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:567px; text-indent:-566px">
1382<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
1383<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1384>Date of Issue:</SPAN
1385><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1386>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
1387></A>
1388<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
1389<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1390>Page 8 of 1</SPAN
1391><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1392>9 </SPAN
1393></A>
1394<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1395>Author: </SPAN
1396><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1397<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1398>T Beale </SPAN
1399></A>
1400</P>
1401<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
1402<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1403<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1404>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
1405><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1406>n
1407</SPAN
1408></A>
1409<SPAN>
1410<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1411>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
1412><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1413>g
1414</SPAN
1415></SPAN>
1416</P>
1417<TABLE style="margin-bottom:10px">
1418<TR>
1419<TH colspan=2 style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:365px; height:12px">
1420<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1421<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1422>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
1423></A>
1424</TH>
1425<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:284px; height:12px">
1426<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1427>Modelling Guide </SPAN
1428></TH>
1429</TR>
1430<TR>
1431<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:51px; height:23px"/>
1432<TD style="width:314px; height:23px"/>
1433<TD style="text-align:right; width:284px; height:23px">
1434<A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
1435<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1436>Rev 1.3.2 </SPAN
1437></A>
1438</TD>
1439</TR>
1440<TR>
1441<TH ID="LinkTarget_3413" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; width:51px; height:28px">
1442<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1443>4.4 </SPAN
1444></TH>
1445<TD style="vertical-align:bottom; width:314px; height:28px">
1446<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1447>Types </SPAN
1448></TD>
1449<TD style="text-align:right; width:284px; height:28px"/>
1450</TR>
1451</TABLE>
1452<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1453<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1454>The reference model can be thought of as consisting of a number of classes which fulfill one of two purposes. The first category includes those which represent concretely-modelled concepts like “revi</SPAN
1455><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1456></SPAN
1457><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1458>sion history entry” or “transaction”, while the second includes those whose job it is to represent generic data structures, used to express clinical data whose specific form is defined by archetypes, rather than by the reference model. The general form of the latter can best be understood as structures of name/value pairs, where all nodes in the structure have names, and leaf nodes have values as well. There are accordingly two kinds of “datatypes” used in the model: one for the </SPAN
1459><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1460>attributes</SPAN
1461><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1462> of all classes, and the other for the </SPAN
1463><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1464>values</SPAN
1465><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1466> in the clinical name/value structures. These latter are known as “data value types”, whereas the former are known as “attribute types”. Instances of data value types are the only allowable values in the generic information structures. </SPAN
1467></P>
1468<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:5px; line-height:19px">
1469<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1470>In addition to types defined in the model, a number of basic types are assumed in the modelling for</SPAN
1471><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1472></SPAN
1473><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1474>malism, which are globally understood in the same (or compatible) ways in all implementation for</SPAN
1475><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1476></SPAN
1477><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1478>malisms. These are: </SPAN
1479></P>
1480<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:22px">
1481<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1482>-</SPAN
1483><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1484>Character </SPAN
1485><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1486>(members of a character set</SPAN
1487><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1488>)
1489</SPAN
1490><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1491>-</SPAN
1492><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1493>String </SPAN
1494><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1495>(strings of printable characters</SPAN
1496><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1497>)
1498</SPAN
1499><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1500>-</SPAN
1501><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1502>Integer </SPAN
1503><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1504>(integer numbers</SPAN
1505><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1506>)
1507</SPAN
1508><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1509>-</SPAN
1510><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1511>Real </SPAN
1512><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1513>(real numbers</SPAN
1514><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1515>)
1516</SPAN
1517><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1518>-</SPAN
1519><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1520>Double </SPAN
1521><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1522>(double precision floating point real numbers</SPAN
1523><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1524>)
1525</SPAN
1526><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1527>-</SPAN
1528><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1529>Boolean </SPAN
1530><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1531>(two-valued entities</SPAN
1532><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1533>)
1534</SPAN
1535><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1536>-</SPAN
1537><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1538>Array&lt;T&gt; </SPAN
1539><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1540>(physical container of items indexed by number</SPAN
1541><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1542>)
1543</SPAN
1544><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1545>-</SPAN
1546><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1547>List&lt;T&gt; </SPAN
1548><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1549>(implied order, non-unique membership</SPAN
1550><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1551>)
1552</SPAN
1553><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1554>-</SPAN
1555><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1556>Set&lt;T&gt; </SPAN
1557><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1558>(no order, unique membership</SPAN
1559><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1560>)
1561</SPAN
1562></P>
1563<DIV class="Sect">
1564<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3432" style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">
1565<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1566>4.4.1 </SPAN
1567><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1568>Data Value Types </SPAN
1569></H3>
1570<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1571<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1572>Data value types are characterised by being explicitly modelled and inheriting from the abstract class </SPAN
1573><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1574>DATA_VALUE</SPAN
1575><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1576>. The names of all of these types are prefixed with “</SPAN
1577><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1578>DV_</SPAN
1579><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1580>” to differentiate them from types of the same names which may occur in particular implementation technologies, thus </SPAN
1581><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1582>DV_DATE </SPAN
1583><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1584>rather than </SPAN
1585><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1586>DATE</SPAN
1587><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1588> and so on. Types which are notionally one of the standard basic types have a specific model. For example, the notional “string” type is modelled as the data value type </SPAN
1589><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1590>DV_PLAIN_TEXT</SPAN
1591><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1592>. </SPAN
1593></P>
1594<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
1595<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1596>Data value types are the only types which can be used as data values, e.g. as the type of the </SPAN
1597><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1598>ELE</SPAN
1599><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1600></SPAN
1601><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1602>MENT</SPAN
1603><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1604>.</SPAN
1605><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1606>value</SPAN
1607><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1608> attribute in the </SPAN
1609><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1610>open</SPAN
1611><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1612>EHR EHR reference model, or other similar places where the type </SPAN
1613><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1614>DATA_VALUE </SPAN
1615><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1616>is specified. </SPAN
1617></P>
1618<IMG width=561 height=169 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_3.png">
1619<P style="margin-bottom:52px">
1620<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1621>FIGURE 2 </SPAN
1622><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1623>rm.data_structures.representation Package </SPAN
1624></P>
1625<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
1626<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1627>Author: </SPAN
1628><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1629<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1630>T Beale </SPAN
1631></A>
1632<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
1633<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1634>Page 9 of 19 </SPAN
1635></A>
1636<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
1637<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1638>Date of Issue:</SPAN
1639><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1640>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
1641></A>
1642</P>
1643<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
1644<SPAN>
1645<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1646>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
1647><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1648>n
1649</SPAN
1650></SPAN>
1651<SPAN>
1652<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1653>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
1654><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1655>g
1656</SPAN
1657></SPAN>
1658</P>
1659<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
1660<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1661>Modelling Guide </SPAN
1662><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1663<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1664>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
1665></A>
1666<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1667>Rev </SPAN
1668><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
1669<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1670>1.3.2 </SPAN
1671></A>
1672</P>
1673</DIV>
1674<DIV class="Sect">
1675<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3451" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1676<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1677>4.4.2 </SPAN
1678><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1679>Attribute Types </SPAN
1680></H3>
1681<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
1682<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1683>Types which can be used for other attributes in model classes include any standard basic type, or any of the data value types. For example, if a string is needed, the class </SPAN
1684><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1685>STRING</SPAN
1686><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1687> may be used, unless spe</SPAN
1688><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1689></SPAN
1690><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1691>cial features of </SPAN
1692><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1693>DV_PLAIN_TEXT</SPAN
1694><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1695> are required. If a date/time is needed however, since there is no guaranteed standard type for this, the data value type </SPAN
1696><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1697>DV_DATE_TIME</SPAN
1698><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1699> must be used. </SPAN
1700></P>
1701</DIV>
1702<DIV class="Sect">
1703<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3455" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1704<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1705>4.4.3 </SPAN
1706><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1707>Existence and Cardinality </SPAN
1708></H3>
1709<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:32px; line-height:19px">
1710<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1711>Existence of attributes is indicated by brackets after the attribute name inside a class box. Possible values are: </SPAN
1712><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1713>[0..1]</SPAN
1714><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1715>, </SPAN
1716><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1717>[1]</SPAN
1718><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1719>, meaning optional and mandatory, respectively. For attributes of container types such as </SPAN
1720><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1721>List&lt;T&gt;</SPAN
1722><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1723>, existence of the whole container is shown the same way. Cardinality of the container is shown by including the container type explicitly. </SPAN
1724></P>
1725<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:5px">
1726<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1727>PERSO</SPAN
1728><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1729>N </SPAN
1730></P>
1731<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:19px">
1732<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
1733>name</SPAN
1734><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1735> [1]: </SPAN
1736><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
1737>String </SPAN
1738><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
1739>address</SPAN
1740><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1741> [0..1]: </SPAN
1742><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
1743>List</SPAN
1744><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1745>&lt;</SPAN
1746><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
1747>String</SPAN
1748><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1749>&gt; </SPAN
1750></P>
1751<P style="margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
1752<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1753>FIGURE 3 </SPAN
1754><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1755>Attribute Existence and Cardinality </SPAN
1756></P>
1757</DIV>
1758</DIV>
1759<DIV class="Sect">
1760<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3462">
1761<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1762>4.5 </SPAN
1763><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1764>Inheritance </SPAN
1765></H3>
1766<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:32px; line-height:19px">
1767<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1768>The inheritance relationship between classes indicates that one class is the </SPAN
1769><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1770>descandant</SPAN
1771><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1772> of another, termed the </SPAN
1773><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1774>ancestor</SPAN
1775><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1776>. Two kinds of inheritance are used in the </SPAN
1777><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1778>open</SPAN
1779><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1780>EHR models, both readily available in all object-oriented formalisms. These are standard specialisation or “is-a” inheritance, implying type substitutability, and </SPAN
1781><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1782>facility</SPAN
1783><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1784> inheritance, whereby the descendant class is simply using the facili</SPAN
1785><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1786></SPAN
1787><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1788>ties of the inherited class. To make clear the distinction in the UML diagrams, specialisation inherit</SPAN
1789><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1790></SPAN
1791><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1792>ance is indicated using unbroken grey lines, while facility inheritance is indicated using dotted lines, as shown in the following example. </SPAN
1793></P>
1794<IMG width=455 height=123 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:23px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_4.png">
1795<P style="margin-bottom:27px">
1796<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1797>FIGURE 4 </SPAN
1798><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1799>rm.data_types.quantity.date_time Package </SPAN
1800></P>
1801</DIV>
1802<DIV class="Sect">
1803<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3469">
1804<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1805>4.6 </SPAN
1806><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1807>Relationships </SPAN
1808></H3>
1809<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px">
1810<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1811>Relationships between classes in the reference model are of three logical types, described below. </SPAN
1812></P>
1813<DIV class="Sect">
1814<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3472" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1815<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1816>4.6.1 </SPAN
1817><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1818>Composition </SPAN
1819></H3>
1820<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:52px; line-height:19px">
1821<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1822>Composition indicates the part/sub-part relationship where the sub-part can have no meaningful exist</SPAN
1823><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1824></SPAN
1825><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1826>ence outside of the whole, or, put another way, the lifetime of the part is controlled by the whole. For example, in the </SPAN
1827><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1828>open</SPAN
1829><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1830>EHR EHR RM, the class </SPAN
1831><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1832>COMPOSITION</SPAN
1833><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1834> has as a subpart </SPAN
1835><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1836>ACCESS_CONTROL</SPAN
1837><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1838>, </SPAN
1839></P>
1840<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
1841<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
1842<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1843>Date of Issue:</SPAN
1844><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1845>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
1846></A>
1847<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
1848<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1849>Page 10 of 19 </SPAN
1850></A>
1851<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1852>Author: </SPAN
1853><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1854<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1855>T Beale </SPAN
1856></A>
1857</P>
1858<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
1859<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1860<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1861>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
1862><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1863>n
1864</SPAN
1865></A>
1866<SPAN>
1867<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1868>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
1869><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1870>g
1871</SPAN
1872></SPAN>
1873</P>
1874<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
1875<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
1876<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1877>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
1878></A>
1879<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1880>Modelling Guide Rev </SPAN
1881><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
1882<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1883>1.3.2 </SPAN
1884></A>
1885</P>
1886<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1887<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1888>illustrated in </SPAN
1889><A href="#LinkTarget_3499">
1890<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1891>FIGURE 5</SPAN
1892></A>
1893<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1894>. All objects contained within a single “business object”, i.e. </SPAN
1895><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1896>Strings</SPAN
1897><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1898>, </SPAN
1899><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1900>Integers</SPAN
1901><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1902> and other leaf types are always related to the containing object by composition. </SPAN
1903></P>
1904<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:19px">
1905<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1906>In UML, composition is indicated by a black diamond on the class representing the whole. A “part” object can only be in a composition relationship with one “whole” object, i.e. a given instance cannot be part-of multiple wholes. </SPAN
1907></P>
1908<IMG width=116 height=108 style="display:block; float:none; margin-bottom:20px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_5.png">
1909<TABLE style="text-align:right; margin-bottom:37px">
1910<TR>
1911<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:122px; height:19px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
1912<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1913>CODED_TER</SPAN
1914><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1915>M </SPAN
1916></TH>
1917</TR>
1918<TR>
1919<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:122px; height:36px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
1920<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
1921>rubric: </SPAN
1922><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
1923>String </SPAN
1924><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
1925>concept_code: </SPAN
1926><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
1927>String </SPAN
1928></TH>
1929</TR>
1930</TABLE>
1931<P style="margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1932<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1933>FIGURE 5 </SPAN
1934><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1935>Examples of Composition </SPAN
1936></P>
1937<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
1938<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1939>Semantically, composition corresponds to physical containment by value. Movement or deletion of the whole causes movement or deletion respectively of the part. </SPAN
1940></P>
1941</DIV>
1942<DIV class="Sect">
1943<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3502" style="margin-bottom:0px">
1944<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1945>4.6.2 </SPAN
1946><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1947>Aggregation </SPAN
1948></H3>
1949<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:19px">
1950<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1951>Aggregation indicates a logical part/sub-part relationship, where the sub-part can meaningfully exist on its own, i.e. does not need to be deleted if the parent whole is deleted. Consider by way of example the relationship between </SPAN
1952><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1953>HEALTH_CARE_FACILITY</SPAN
1954><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1955> and </SPAN
1956><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1957>HEALTH_CARE_PROFESSIONAL</SPAN
1958><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1959> illustrated in </SPAN
1960><A href="#LinkTarget_3509">
1961<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1962>FIGURE 6. The difference in semantics with respect to composition is that aggregation parts and </SPAN
1963></A>
1964<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1965>wholes represent business objects (e.g. </SPAN
1966><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1967>HOSPITAL</SPAN
1968><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1969>and </SPAN
1970><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1971>PERSON</SPAN
1972><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1973>), whereas the part objects of compos</SPAN
1974><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1975></SPAN
1976><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1977>ite relationships represent fine-grained constituents inside a business object (e.g. </SPAN
1978><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1979>PERSON</SPAN
1980><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1981> and </SPAN
1982><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1983>PERSON_NAME</SPAN
1984><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1985>). </SPAN
1986></P>
1987<P style="margin-bottom:-7px">
1988<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1989>HEALTH_CARE_FACILIT</SPAN
1990><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
1991>Y </SPAN
1992></P>
1993<IMG width=187 height=107 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:23px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_6.png">
1994<P style="margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
1995<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
1996>FIGURE 6 </SPAN
1997><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
1998>Example of Aggregation </SPAN
1999></P>
2000<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
2001<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2002>In UML, aggregation is indicated by a white diamond on the class representing the whole and a key shown on the part, meaning that the whole class contains a key referring to the part class. Movement or deletion of the whole may occur without movement or deletion of the part. </SPAN
2003></P>
2004<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:52px; line-height:19px">
2005<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2006>A sensible definition of the semantics of aggregation has historically been, and remains, problematic </SPAN
2007><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2008<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2009>for many modellers. Various books on UML including “UML Distilled” [5], and indeed the authors of </SPAN
2010></A>
2011<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2012>UML themselves have noted the confusion</SPAN
2013><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.6pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2014><Sup>1</Sup></SPAN
2015><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2016>, and done little to clear it up. Consequently, in some pub</SPAN
2017><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2018></SPAN
2019><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2020>lications, the aggregation relationship has the semantics of allowing a “part” to be a part-of more than one whole. We see this as an error for a number of reasons. </SPAN
2021></P>
2022<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:13px">
2023<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2024>1. </SPAN
2025><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2026>Jim Rumbaugh says of aggregation “think of it as a modelling placebo” (Rumbaugh, Jacobsen </SPAN
2027><A href="#LinkTarget_3816">
2028<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2029>and Booch 1999) [3]. Martin Fowler calls it “one of my biggest </SPAN
2030></A>
2031<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2032>betes noires</SPAN
2033><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2034>”. Clearly, aggrega</SPAN
2035><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2036></SPAN
2037><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2038<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2039>tion is not well understood by the “experts” [5]. </SPAN
2040></A>
2041</P>
2042<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
2043<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2044>Author: </SPAN
2045><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2046<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2047>T Beale </SPAN
2048></A>
2049<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
2050<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2051>Page 11 of 19 </SPAN
2052></A>
2053<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
2054<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2055>Date of Issue:</SPAN
2056><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2057>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
2058></A>
2059</P>
2060<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
2061<SPAN>
2062<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2063>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
2064><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2065>n
2066</SPAN
2067></SPAN>
2068<SPAN>
2069<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2070>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
2071><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2072>g
2073</SPAN
2074></SPAN>
2075</P>
2076<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
2077<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2078>Modelling Guide </SPAN
2079><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2080<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2081>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
2082></A>
2083<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2084>Rev </SPAN
2085><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
2086<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2087>1.3.2 </SPAN
2088></A>
2089</P>
2090<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
2091<LI style="margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
2092<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2093>Firstly, there is no sensible understanding in natural language for the concept of something that is part of more than one whole. </SPAN
2094></LI>
2095<LI style="margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
2096<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2097>When the semantics of changing the part are investigated, it is normally found that a change to the part, seen as part-of one whole is not expected to cause a change in the same part seen as part-of another whole. If the change should indeed occur in all wholes, then the whole/part relationships are associations, and do not represent the part-of relationship at all. If changes are not meant to be global to all wholes, then distinct (possibly initially identical) instances of the part must be part-of each whole. </SPAN
2098></LI>
2099<LI style="margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
2100<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2101>In some models, aggregation is used in an attempt to represent “re-use”. However, re-use is not a meaningful modelling concept, although it is a meaningful implementation concept</SPAN
2102><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9.6pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2103><Sup>1</Sup></SPAN
2104><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2105>. The only reasonable modelling interpretation of “re-use” would be that a part is part-of one whole, and there are other similar wholes that have (or will have at a later point in time) a part which is identical to the existing part. In this case, the proper interpretation of aggrega</SPAN
2106><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2107></SPAN
2108><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2109>tion is that each whole has a part, and that there are also constraints or operations (such as copy) which guarantee that the parts of certain wholes are all identical in value to each other. </SPAN
2110></LI>
2111</ul>
2112<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
2113<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2114>Consequently, in this document aggregation semantics are defined such that a “part” object can only be in a aggregation relationship with one “whole” object, i.e. a given instance cannot be part-of multi</SPAN
2115><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2116></SPAN
2117><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2118>ple wholes. </SPAN
2119></P>
2120</DIV>
2121<DIV class="Sect">
2122<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3549" style="margin-bottom:0px">
2123<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2124>4.6.3 </SPAN
2125><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2126>Association </SPAN
2127></H3>
2128<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
2129<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2130>Association indicates any other kind of relationship in which instances of both classes are completely meaningful in themselves. Indicated by no diamond in UML. </SPAN
2131></P>
2132</DIV>
2133<DIV class="Sect">
2134<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3552" style="margin-bottom:0px">
2135<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2136>4.6.4 </SPAN
2137><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2138>Qualified Association </SPAN
2139></H3>
2140<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:19px">
2141<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2142>One kind of association which occurs quite commonly is the “qualified association”. In contrast with normal associations which are “direct” (i.e. object to object), qualified associations are by symbolic </SPAN
2143><A href="#LinkTarget_3562">
2144<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2145>reference, where the reference is in the form of an attribute value from the target class. FIGURE 7 </SPAN
2146></A>
2147<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2148>illutrates the qualified asscociation, and shows an equivalent single class below it. The qualified asso</SPAN
2149><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2150></SPAN
2151><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2152>ciation is most commonly used when objects of the target class will each have a unique id which can be referenced from elsewhere, in the manner of a primary/foreign key in relational systems (here the foreign key is the attribute </SPAN
2153><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2154>bar_id</SPAN
2155><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2156>: </SPAN
2157><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2158>String</SPAN
2159><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2160> in the class Foo. </SPAN
2161></P>
2162<IMG width=255 height=55 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:21px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_7.png">
2163<IMG width=1 height=37 style="display:block; float:none; margin-bottom:25px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_8.png">
2164<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px">
2165<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
2166>FO</SPAN
2167><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:bold; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
2168>O </SPAN
2169></P>
2170<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:22px">
2171<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
2172>bar_id: </SPAN
2173><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
2174>String </SPAN
2175></P>
2176<IMG width=1 height=37 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:right; margin-bottom:18px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_9.png">
2177<P style="margin-bottom:94px">
2178<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2179>FIGURE 7 </SPAN
2180><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2181>Qualified Association </SPAN
2182></P>
2183<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:13px">
2184<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2185>1. </SPAN
2186><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2187<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2188> This is well known as the “flyweight” pattern described in [6]. In the UML diagram for this </SPAN
2189></A>
2190<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2191>pattern, an aggregation relationship appears between a flyweight-factory and the flyweight (shared) object; associations appear between the logical “owners” and the factory-generated fly</SPAN
2192><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2193></SPAN
2194><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2195>weights) </SPAN
2196></P>
2197<P style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:567px; text-indent:-566px">
2198<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
2199<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2200>Date of Issue:</SPAN
2201><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2202>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
2203></A>
2204<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
2205<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2206>Page 12 of 1</SPAN
2207><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2208>9 </SPAN
2209></A>
2210<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2211>Author: </SPAN
2212><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2213<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2214>T Beale </SPAN
2215></A>
2216</P>
2217<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
2218<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2219<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2220>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
2221><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2222>n
2223</SPAN
2224></A>
2225<SPAN>
2226<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2227>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
2228><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2229>g
2230</SPAN
2231></SPAN>
2232</P>
2233<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
2234<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2235<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2236>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
2237></A>
2238<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2239>Modelling Guide Rev </SPAN
2240><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
2241<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2242>1.3.2 </SPAN
2243></A>
2244</P>
2245</DIV>
2246</DIV>
2247<DIV class="Sect">
2248<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3580">
2249<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2250>4.7 </SPAN
2251><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2252>Functions </SPAN
2253></H3>
2254<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
2255<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2256>Functions are understood in </SPAN
2257><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2258>open</SPAN
2259><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2260>EHR in the object-oriented sense as “computed features having a return type, and not causing side-effects in the object on which they are called”. Functions are used in various places to define relevant interface, to support the expression of invariants, or to express com</SPAN
2261><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2262></SPAN
2263><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2264>putation of derived properties, such as extracting the logical pieces from a URI string. </SPAN
2265></P>
2266</DIV>
2267<DIV class="Sect">
2268<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3584">
2269<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2270>4.8 </SPAN
2271><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2272>Anchored Types </SPAN
2273></H3>
2274<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:19px">
2275<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2276>An object-oriented feature used sometimes in the </SPAN
2277><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2278>open</SPAN
2279><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2280>EHR specifications is that of “anchored types”. An example of such a type is shown in the following UML. </SPAN
2281></P>
2282<TABLE style="margin-bottom:0px">
2283<TR>
2284<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:201px; height:19px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2285<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
2286>ORDERE</SPAN
2287><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; font-stretch:semi-condensed; color:#000000"
2288>D </SPAN
2289></TH>
2290</TR>
2291<TR>
2292<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:201px; height:19px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px"/>
2293</TR>
2294<TR>
2295<TH style="text-align:left; width:201px; height:19px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2296<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2297>infix</SPAN
2298><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
2299>&lt;’ (other: </SPAN
2300><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2301>like </SPAN
2302><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
2303>Current</SPAN
2304><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#008000"
2305>): </SPAN
2306><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#FF00FF"
2307>Boolean </SPAN
2308></TH>
2309</TR>
2310</TABLE>
2311<IMG width=252 height=77 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:22px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_10.png">
2312<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:141px; line-height:19px">
2313<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2314>FIGURE 8 </SPAN
2315><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2316>pseudo-UML for Anchored Types </SPAN
2317></P>
2318<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
2319<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2320>In this figure, an infix function ‘&lt;‘ is defined on the abstract type </SPAN
2321><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2322>ORDERED</SPAN
2323><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2324>. The signature has the parameter </SPAN
2325><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2326>other</SPAN
2327><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2328>, of type “like Current”. This syntax has been adopted from the Eiffel language because it is so useful in specification. Its effect is to say that in every subtype of </SPAN
2329><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2330>ORDERED</SPAN
2331><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2332> there is a function ‘&lt;‘ whose </SPAN
2333><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2334>other</SPAN
2335><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2336> argument is of the same type as the subtype - with no actual repeated defini</SPAN
2337><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2338></SPAN
2339><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2340>tions required to do this. This clearly saves on code, reduces errors of repetition. Although it is not available in UML, or in many languages, it is used in the specifications to reduce the repetition, and improve clarity. Mapping to implementation formalisms is easy: simply define the initial signature as having the same type as the type on which it is defined (</SPAN
2341><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2342>ORDERED</SPAN
2343><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2344> in this above example), and rede</SPAN
2345><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2346></SPAN
2347><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2348>fine the signature appropriately down the inheritance tree. </SPAN
2349></P>
2350</DIV>
2351<DIV class="Sect">
2352<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3600">
2353<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2354>4.9 </SPAN
2355><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2356>Constraints and Contracts </SPAN
2357></H3>
2358<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
2359<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2360>Constraints are written in a order predicate logic based on the OMG’s Object Constraint Language (OCL), with some differences due to problems in the current definition of OCL. </SPAN
2361></P>
2362<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
2363<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2364>The keywords used are: </SPAN
2365></P>
2366<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
2367<LI style="margin-left:60px">
2368<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2369>require</SPAN
2370><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2371>: routine precondition </SPAN
2372></LI>
2373<LI style="margin-left:60px">
2374<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2375>ensure</SPAN
2376><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2377>: routine postcondition </SPAN
2378></LI>
2379<LI style="margin-left:60px">
2380<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2381>invariant</SPAN
2382><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2383>: class invariant </SPAN
2384></LI>
2385<LI style="margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:60px">
2386<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2387>and</SPAN
2388><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2389>, </SPAN
2390><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2391>or</SPAN
2392><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2393>, </SPAN
2394><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2395>and then</SPAN
2396><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2397>, </SPAN
2398><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2399>or else</SPAN
2400><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2401>, </SPAN
2402><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2403>implies</SPAN
2404><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2405>, </SPAN
2406><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2407>xor</SPAN
2408><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2409>: Boolean operators </SPAN
2410></LI>
2411</ul>
2412<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:94px; line-height:19px">
2413<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2414>The various kinds of constraints together form the “contract” of a class, that is the conditions under which its instances interact with instances of other classes (including itself). The following sections describe the three constraint types. See Meyer </SPAN
2415><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2416<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2417>[8]</SPAN
2418></A>
2419<A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2420<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2421> and Kilov [7] for an explanation of contracts. </SPAN
2422></A>
2423</P>
2424<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
2425<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2426>Author: </SPAN
2427><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2428<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2429>T Beale </SPAN
2430></A>
2431<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
2432<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2433>Page 13 of 19 </SPAN
2434></A>
2435<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
2436<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2437>Date of Issue:</SPAN
2438><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2439>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
2440></A>
2441</P>
2442<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
2443<SPAN>
2444<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2445>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
2446><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2447>n
2448</SPAN
2449></SPAN>
2450<SPAN>
2451<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2452>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
2453><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2454>g
2455</SPAN
2456></SPAN>
2457</P>
2458<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
2459<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2460>Modelling Guide </SPAN
2461><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2462<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2463>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
2464></A>
2465<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2466>Rev </SPAN
2467><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
2468<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2469>1.3.2 </SPAN
2470></A>
2471</P>
2472<DIV class="Sect">
2473<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3634" style="margin-bottom:0px">
2474<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2475>4.9.1 </SPAN
2476><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2477>Pre-conditions </SPAN
2478></H3>
2479<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
2480<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2481>Pre-conditions are introduced with the keyword </SPAN
2482><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2483>require</SPAN
2484><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2485>, and consist of a first-order predicate logic expression evaluating to True or False. A precondition represents the truth condition which must be upheld by the caller of a routine to ensure the correct functioning of the routine, i.e. it is a condition </SPAN
2486><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2487>assumed</SPAN
2488><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2489> to be true by the routine. If a pre-condition is violated, the caller is in the wrong. </SPAN
2490></P>
2491</DIV>
2492<DIV class="Sect">
2493<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3637" style="margin-bottom:0px">
2494<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2495>4.9.2 </SPAN
2496><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2497>Post-conditions </SPAN
2498></H3>
2499<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; line-height:19px">
2500<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2501>Post-conditions are introduced with the keyword </SPAN
2502><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2503>ensure</SPAN
2504><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2505>, and consist of a first-order predicate logic expression evaluating to True or False. A post-condition represents the truth condition which must be upheld by a routine, i.e. it is a condition </SPAN
2506><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2507>guaranteed </SPAN
2508><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2509>to be true by the routine to the caller. If a post-condition is violated, the called routine is in the wrong. </SPAN
2510></P>
2511</DIV>
2512<DIV class="Sect">
2513<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3640" style="margin-bottom:0px">
2514<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2515>4.9.3 </SPAN
2516><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:13.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2517>Invariants </SPAN
2518></H3>
2519<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
2520<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2521>Invariants consist of first order predicate logic statements which apply to the whole class. The mean</SPAN
2522><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2523></SPAN
2524><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2525>ing is that for every instance of the class, the condition is true at all times, apart from mid-execution of a routine. In other words, object invariants are always true at the points in time when they are accessible to other objects - including prior to calling a routine, and upon exit. If an invariant fails, there is an error in the design of the class. Invariants must be satisfied upon completion of any crea</SPAN
2526><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2527></SPAN
2528><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2529>tion routine. </SPAN
2530></P>
2531</DIV>
2532</DIV>
2533<DIV class="Sect">
2534<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3645">
2535<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2536>4.10 </SPAN
2537><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2538>Special Types </SPAN
2539></H3>
2540<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px; line-height:19px">
2541<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2542>The type </SPAN
2543><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2544>Any</SPAN
2545><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2546> is assumed as the parent type of all other types, and is the type on which basic operators of equality and assignment are defined. See the Support Reference Model for details. </SPAN
2547></P>
2548</DIV>
2549<DIV class="Sect">
2550<H3 ID="LinkTarget_3648">
2551<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2552>4.11 </SPAN
2553><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:15.9pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2554>Special Instances </SPAN
2555></H3>
2556<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
2557<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2558>The following special instances are indentified in constraints. </SPAN
2559></P>
2560<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
2561<LI style="margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
2562<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2563>Result</SPAN
2564><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2565> - the result of any function. “Result” is treated like a normal variable whose type is the return type of the function; </SPAN
2566></LI>
2567<LI style="margin-left:60px">
2568<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2569>Current</SPAN
2570><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2571> - the current object. Synonymous with “self” in some languages. </SPAN
2572></LI>
2573<LI style="margin-bottom:309px; margin-left:60px; line-height:19px">
2574<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2575>Void</SPAN
2576><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2577> - the empty pseudo-object; conforms to any type. Means the absence of an instance. Synonymous with “null” in many languages. </SPAN
2578></LI>
2579</ul>
2580<P style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:567px; text-indent:-566px">
2581<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
2582<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2583>Date of Issue:</SPAN
2584><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2585>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
2586></A>
2587<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
2588<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2589>Page 14 of 1</SPAN
2590><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2591>9 </SPAN
2592></A>
2593<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2594>Author: </SPAN
2595><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2596<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2597>T Beale </SPAN
2598></A>
2599</P>
2600<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
2601<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2602<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2603>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
2604><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2605>n
2606</SPAN
2607></A>
2608<SPAN>
2609<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2610>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
2611><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2612>g
2613</SPAN
2614></SPAN>
2615</P>
2616<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
2617<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2618<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2619>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
2620></A>
2621<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2622>Class Descriptions Rev </SPAN
2623><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
2624<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2625>1.3.2 </SPAN
2626></A>
2627</P>
2628</DIV>
2629</DIV>
2630<DIV class="Part"
2631><H2 ID="LinkTarget_3677" style="margin-bottom:15px">
2632<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2633>Class Descriptions </SPAN
2634></H2>
2635<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:22px">
2636<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2637>Classes in the </SPAN
2638><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2639>open</SPAN
2640><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2641>EHR models are formally described in tabular form. Three colour schemes are used, as follows: </SPAN
2642></P>
2643<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:36px; line-height:23px">
2644<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2645>Cyan</SPAN
2646><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2647>: reference model classes </SPAN
2648></P>
2649<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:22px; text-indent:36px; line-height:23px">
2650<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2651>Light green</SPAN
2652><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2653>: archetype model classes Reference model classes are defined in the form shown below. The various meanings of each section are indicated in this example table. </SPAN
2654></P>
2655<TABLE style="margin-bottom:76px">
2656<CAPTION style="margin-bottom:76px">
2657<P style="margin-bottom:76px; line-height:15px">
2658<SPAN>
2659<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2660>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
2661><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2662>n
2663</SPAN
2664></SPAN>
2665<SPAN>
2666<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2667>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
2668><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2669>g
2670</SPAN
2671></SPAN>
2672</P>
2673</CAPTION>
2674<TR>
2675<TH style="width:114px; height:31px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:3px 1px 4px 1px">
2676<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2677>CLASS </SPAN
2678></TH>
2679<TH colspan=2 style="text-align:left; width:538px; height:31px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:3px 1px 4px 1px">
2680<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2681>CLASS_NAME </SPAN
2682></TH>
2683</TR>
2684<TR>
2685<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:33px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px">
2686<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2687>Purpose </SPAN
2688></TD>
2689<TD colspan=2 style="width:538px; height:33px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px">
2690<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2691>Description of purpose of class in model and information based on it. </SPAN
2692></TD>
2693</TR>
2694<TR>
2695<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2696<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2697>Use </SPAN
2698></TD>
2699<TD colspan=2 style="width:538px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2700<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2701>Particular uses of class in the model, or instances of the class in data. </SPAN
2702></TD>
2703</TR>
2704<TR>
2705<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:48px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2706<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2707>MisUse </SPAN
2708></TD>
2709<TD colspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle; width:538px; height:48px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2710<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2711>Potential expected misuses of the class, usually based on common misuses or mis</SPAN
2712><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2713></SPAN
2714><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2715>conceptions of the name of the class. </SPAN
2716></TD>
2717</TR>
2718<TR>
2719<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:67px; background-color:#FFFF80; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2720<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2721>CEN </SPAN
2722></TD>
2723<TD colspan=2 style="width:538px; height:67px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2724<A href="http://www.centc251.org">
2725<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2726>Correspondence to CEN ENV 13606 part 1 - part 4 concepts. These standards were published by CEN in 2000, and can be found on </SPAN
2727><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2728>http://www.centc251.org</SPAN
2729><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2730>. </SPAN
2731></A>
2732</TD>
2733</TR>
2734<TR>
2735<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:67px; background-color:#FFFF80; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2736<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2737>Synapses </SPAN
2738></TD>
2739<TD colspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle; width:538px; height:67px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2740<A href="http://www.chime.ucl.ac.uk">
2741<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2742>Correspondence to concepts in the Synapses, SynEx and EHCR-support Action models, produced in various EC-funded (4th framework) post-original GEHR projects. Some of this work is available at </SPAN
2743><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2744>http://www.chime.ucl.ac.uk</SPAN
2745><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2746>. </SPAN
2747></A>
2748</TD>
2749</TR>
2750<TR>
2751<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:67px; background-color:#FFFF80; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2752<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2753>GeHR </SPAN
2754></TD>
2755<TD colspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle; width:538px; height:67px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2756<A href="http://www.openehr.org/gehr_australia/t_aus_gehr.htm">
2757<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2758>Correspondence to Australian GEHR models as originally published on http://www.gehr.org (now defunct); see specifications at </SPAN
2759><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2760>http://www.openehr.org/gehr_australia/t_aus_gehr.htm</SPAN
2761><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2762>. </SPAN
2763></A>
2764</TD>
2765</TR>
2766<TR>
2767<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:48px; background-color:#FFFF80; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2768<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2769>HL7v3 </SPAN
2770></TD>
2771<TD colspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle; width:538px; height:48px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2772<A href="http://www.hl7.org">
2773<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2774>Correspondence to concepts in HL7 version 3 models, as published in various bal</SPAN
2775><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2776></SPAN
2777><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2778>lots at </SPAN
2779><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2780>http://www.hl7.org</SPAN
2781><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2782>. </SPAN
2783></A>
2784</TD>
2785</TR>
2786<TR>
2787<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2788<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2789>Attributes </SPAN
2790></TD>
2791<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:268px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2792<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2793>Signature </SPAN
2794></TD>
2795<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:271px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2796<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2797>Meaning </SPAN
2798></TD>
2799</TR>
2800<TR>
2801<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2802<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2803>0..1 </SPAN
2804></TD>
2805<TD style="width:268px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2806<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2807>attr_1</SPAN
2808><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2809>:</SPAN
2810><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2811> SOME_TYPE </SPAN
2812></TD>
2813<TD style="width:271px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2814<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2815>Description of this attribute </SPAN
2816></TD>
2817</TR>
2818<TR>
2819<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2820<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2821>1..1 </SPAN
2822></TD>
2823<TD style="width:268px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2824<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2825>attr_n</SPAN
2826><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2827>:</SPAN
2828><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2829> SOME_TYPE </SPAN
2830></TD>
2831<TD style="width:271px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2832<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2833>Description of this attribute </SPAN
2834></TD>
2835</TR>
2836<TR>
2837<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2838<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2839>Functions </SPAN
2840></TD>
2841<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:268px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2842<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2843>Signature </SPAN
2844></TD>
2845<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:271px; height:35px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2846<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2847>Meaning </SPAN
2848></TD>
2849</TR>
2850<TR>
2851<TD style="text-align:center; width:114px; height:86px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
2852<TD style="width:268px; height:86px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2853<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2854>func_1</SPAN
2855><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2856>(some_args: </SPAN
2857><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2858>SOME_TYPE</SPAN
2859><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2860>): </SPAN
2861><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2862>SOME_TYPE </SPAN
2863><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2864>require </SPAN
2865><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2866>precondition </SPAN
2867><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2868>ensure </SPAN
2869><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2870>postcondition </SPAN
2871></TD>
2872<TD style="width:271px; height:86px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2873<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2874>Description of this function </SPAN
2875></TD>
2876</TR>
2877<TR>
2878<TD style="text-align:center; width:114px; height:48px; background-color:#CCFFFF; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
2879<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:268px; height:48px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px">
2880<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2881>func_n</SPAN
2882><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2883>(some_args: </SPAN
2884><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2885>SOME_TYPE</SPAN
2886><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2887>): </SPAN
2888><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2889>SOME_TYPE </SPAN
2890></TD>
2891<TD style="width:271px; height:48px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
2892<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2893>Description of this function </SPAN
2894></TD>
2895</TR>
2896</TABLE>
2897<P style="margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
2898<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2899>Author: </SPAN
2900><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2901<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2902>T Beale </SPAN
2903></A>
2904<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
2905<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2906>Page 15 of 19 </SPAN
2907></A>
2908<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
2909<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2910>Date of Issue:</SPAN
2911><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2912>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
2913></A>
2914</P>
2915<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:27px; line-height:15px">
2916<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2917>Class Descriptions </SPAN
2918><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
2919<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2920>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
2921></A>
2922<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2923>Rev </SPAN
2924><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
2925<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2926>1.3.2 </SPAN
2927></A>
2928</P>
2929<IMG width=652 height=124 style="display:block; float:none; text-align:center; margin-bottom:167px" src="images/modelling_guide_img_11.png">
2930<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:20px; line-height:19px">
2931<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2932>Class invariants. Each mandatory attribute must have an invariant of the form</SPAN
2933><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2934>:
2935</SPAN
2936><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2937>Attr_1_exists</SPAN
2938><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2939>: attr /= Voi</SPAN
2940><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2941>d
2942</SPAN
2943><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2944>Other invariants may be stated. All invariants have to be true before and after call</SPAN
2945><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2946>s
2947</SPAN
2948><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2949>to routines (procedures or functions) made from outside an object</SPAN
2950><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2951>.
2952</SPAN
2953></P>
2954<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; line-height:19px">
2955<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2956>Preconditions and postconditions of functions are optional; all preconditions, postconditions and invariants are written in the first-order predicate logic used in the Eiffel language </SPAN
2957><A href="#LinkTarget_3822">
2958<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2959>[8]</SPAN
2960></A>
2961<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2962>, </SPAN
2963><A href="#LinkTarget_3824">
2964<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2965>[9]</SPAN
2966></A>
2967<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2968> (mainly because this is compilable and testable in any Eiffel tool, including the </SPAN
2969><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"
2970><A href="http://www.loria.fr/projets/SmallEiffel/">
2971<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2972>Gnu SmallEiffel com</SPAN
2973><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2974></SPAN
2975></A>
2976</SPAN
2977><A href="http://www.loria.fr/projets/SmallEiffel/">
2978<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:9.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
2979>piler</SPAN
2980></A>
2981<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2982>). </SPAN
2983></P>
2984<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:22px">
2985<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
2986>Archetype classes are defined using tables like the following. </SPAN
2987></P>
2988<TABLE style="margin-bottom:441px">
2989<TR>
2990<TH style="width:114px; height:31px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:3px 1px 4px 1px">
2991<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2992>CLASS </SPAN
2993></TH>
2994<TH style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; width:168px; height:31px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:3px 1px 4px 1px"/>
2995<TH colspan=2 style="text-align:left; width:370px; height:31px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:3px 1px 4px 1px">
2996<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
2997>Archetype CLASS_XXX </SPAN
2998></TH>
2999</TR>
3000<TR>
3001<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:33px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px">
3002<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3003>Purpose </SPAN
3004></TD>
3005<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:168px; height:33px; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px">
3006<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3007>xxxx </SPAN
3008></TD>
3009<TD colspan=2 style="width:370px; height:33px; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:4px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3010</TR>
3011<TR>
3012<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3013<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3014>Attributes </SPAN
3015></TD>
3016<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:168px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3017<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3018>Signature </SPAN
3019></TD>
3020<TD style="width:64px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3021<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:306px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3022<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3023>Meaning </SPAN
3024></TD>
3025</TR>
3026<TR>
3027<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3028<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3029>1..1 </SPAN
3030></TD>
3031<TD style="width:168px; height:35px; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3032<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3033>aaa</SPAN
3034><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3035>: </SPAN
3036><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3037>T </SPAN
3038></TD>
3039<TD style="width:64px; height:35px; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3040<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:306px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3041<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3042>xxx </SPAN
3043></TD>
3044</TR>
3045<TR>
3046<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3047<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3048>Functions </SPAN
3049></TD>
3050<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:168px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3051<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3052>Signature </SPAN
3053></TD>
3054<TD style="width:64px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3055<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:306px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3056<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3057>Meaning </SPAN
3058></TD>
3059</TR>
3060<TR>
3061<TD style="text-align:center; width:114px; height:35px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3062<TD style="width:168px; height:35px; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3063<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3064>fff</SPAN
3065><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3066>: </SPAN
3067><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Courier New PSMT', serif; font-size:10.9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3068>T </SPAN
3069></TD>
3070<TD style="width:64px; height:35px; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px"/>
3071<TD style="vertical-align:middle; width:306px; height:35px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px">
3072<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3073>xx </SPAN
3074></TD>
3075</TR>
3076<TR>
3077<TD style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:114px; height:32px; background-color:#C8FF5D; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
3078<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3079>Invariant </SPAN
3080></TD>
3081<TD style="width:168px; height:32px; border-style: border-style:solid none solid solid; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px">
3082<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3083>Aaa_valid</SPAN
3084><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3085>: aaa /= Void </SPAN
3086></TD>
3087<TD colspan=2 style="width:370px; height:32px; border-style: border-style:solid solid solid none; border-color: #000000; border-width:1px 1px 4px 1px"/>
3088</TR>
3089</TABLE>
3090<P style="margin-bottom:15px; line-height:15px">
3091<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
3092<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3093>Date of Issue:</SPAN
3094><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3095>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
3096></A>
3097<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
3098<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3099>Page 16 of 19 </SPAN
3100></A>
3101<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3102>Author: </SPAN
3103><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3104<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3105>T Beale </SPAN
3106></A>
3107</P>
3108<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
3109<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3110<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3111>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
3112><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3113>n
3114</SPAN
3115></A>
3116<SPAN>
3117<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3118>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
3119><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3120>g
3121</SPAN
3122></SPAN>
3123</P>
3124<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:597px; text-indent:-596px; line-height:15px">
3125<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3126<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3127>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
3128></A>
3129<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3130>References Rev </SPAN
3131><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
3132<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3133>1.3.2 </SPAN
3134></A>
3135</P>
3136<DIV class="Sect">
3137<H2 ID="LinkTarget_3811" style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:0px">
3138<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:18pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3139>A References </SPAN
3140></H2>
3141<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-47px; line-height:19px">
3142<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3143>1 </SPAN
3144><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3145>Beale T. </SPAN
3146><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3147>Archetypes: Constraint-based Domain Models for Future-proof Information Systems</SPAN
3148><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3149>. See </SPAN
3150><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"
3151><A href="http://www.deepthought.com.au/it/archetypes.html">
3152<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
3153>http://www.deepthought.com.au/it/archetypes.html</SPAN
3154></A>
3155</SPAN
3156><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3157>. </SPAN
3158></P>
3159<P style="text-align:; margin-bottom:9px; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-47px; line-height:19px">
3160<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3161>2 </SPAN
3162><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3163>Beale T </SPAN
3164><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3165>et al</SPAN
3166><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3167>. </SPAN
3168><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3169>Design Principles for the EHR</SPAN
3170><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3171>. See </SPAN
3172><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"
3173><A href="http://www.deepthought.com.au/it/archetypes.html">
3174<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#0000FF"
3175>http://www.deepthought.com.au/openEHR</SPAN
3176></A>
3177</SPAN
3178><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3179>. </SPAN
3180></P>
3181<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-47px; line-height:19px">
3182<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3183>3 </SPAN
3184><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3185>Booch G, Rumbaugh J, Jacobsen I. </SPAN
3186><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3187>The Unified Modelling Language User Guide</SPAN
3188><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3189>. Addison es-ley 1999. </SPAN
3190></P>
3191<P style="text-align:; margin-bottom:0px; margin-right:306px; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-47px; line-height:26px">
3192<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3193>4 Fowler M. </SPAN
3194><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3195>Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models </SPAN
3196><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3197>Addison Wesley 1997 5 Fowler M, Scott K. </SPAN
3198><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3199>UML Distilled (2nd Ed.) </SPAN
3200><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3201>Addison Wesley Longman 2000 6 Gamma E, Helm R, Johnson R, Vlissides J. </SPAN
3202><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3203>Design patterns of Reusable Object-oriented Soft</SPAN
3204><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3205></SPAN
3206><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3207>ware. </SPAN
3208><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3209>Addison-Wesley 1995 7 Kilov H, Ross J. </SPAN
3210><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3211>Information Modelling</SPAN
3212><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3213>. Prentice Hall 1994. </SPAN
3214></P>
3215<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:543px; margin-right:29px; line-height:29px">
3216<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3217>8 Meyer B. </SPAN
3218><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3219>Object-oriented Software Construction</SPAN
3220><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3221>, 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall 1997 9 Walden K, Nerson J. </SPAN
3222><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3223>Seamless Object-oriented Software Architecture</SPAN
3224><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3225>. Prentice Hall 1994 </SPAN
3226></P>
3227<P style="margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:288px; text-indent:-287px">
3228<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3229>Author: </SPAN
3230><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3231<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3232>T Beal</SPAN
3233><SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3234>e </SPAN
3235></A>
3236<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
3237<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3238>Page 17 of 19 </SPAN
3239></A>
3240<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
3241<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3242>Date of Issue:</SPAN
3243><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3244>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
3245></A>
3246</P>
3247<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
3248<SPAN>
3249<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3250>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
3251><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3252>n
3253</SPAN
3254></SPAN>
3255<SPAN>
3256<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3257>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
3258><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3259>g
3260</SPAN
3261></SPAN>
3262</P>
3263<P style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:959px; line-height:15px">
3264<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3265>References </SPAN
3266><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3267<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3268>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
3269></A>
3270<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3271>Rev </SPAN
3272><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
3273<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3274>1.3.2 </SPAN
3275></A>
3276</P>
3277<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
3278<A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
3279<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3280>Date of Issue:</SPAN
3281><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3282>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
3283></A>
3284<A href="#LinkTarget_3852">
3285<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3286>Page 18 of 19 </SPAN
3287></A>
3288<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3289>Author: </SPAN
3290><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3291<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3292>T Beale </SPAN
3293></A>
3294</P>
3295<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
3296<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3297<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3298>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
3299><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3300>n
3301</SPAN
3302></A>
3303<SPAN>
3304<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3305>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
3306><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3307>g
3308</SPAN
3309></SPAN>
3310</P>
3311<P style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px">
3312<A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3313<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3314>The openEHR Modelling Guide </SPAN
3315></A>
3316</P>
3317<P style="margin-bottom:32px">
3318<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3319>Rev </SPAN
3320><A href="#LinkTarget_3114">
3321<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3322>1.3.2 </SPAN
3323></A>
3324</P>
3325<P style="margin-bottom:608px">
3326<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3327>END OF DOCUMEN</SPAN
3328><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000"
3329>T
3330</SPAN
3331></P>
3332<P style="margin-bottom:15px">
3333<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3334>Author: </SPAN
3335><A href="#LinkTarget_3091">
3336<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3337>T Beale </SPAN
3338></A>
3339<A href="#LinkTarget_3851">
3340<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3341>Page 19 of 19 </SPAN
3342></A>
3343<SPAN style="font-family:'sans-serif', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3344>Date of Issue:</SPAN
3345><A href="#LinkTarget_3121">
3346<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3347>12 Mar 2007 </SPAN
3348></A>
3349</P>
3350<P style="margin-bottom:0px; line-height:15px">
3351<SPAN>
3352<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3353>© 2002-2007 The openEHR Foundatio</SPAN
3354><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3355>n
3356</SPAN
3357></SPAN>
3358<SPAN>
3359<SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3360>email: info@openEHR.org web: http://www.openEHR.or</SPAN
3361><SPAN style="font-family:'serif', 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size:9pt; font-weight:normal; color:#000000"
3362>g
3363</SPAN
3364></SPAN>
3365</P>
3366</DIV>
3367</DIV>
3368</BODY>
3369</HTML>
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